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תחליפי ממיסים - Solvent
Substitution
ברוב מדינות המערב תקנות אוסרות שימוש בממיסים וחומרי ניקוי,
העלולים לגרום לנזק לסביבה או לפגוע בבריאות האנשים.
בכדי לסייע למציאת חומרים תחליפיים לממיסים המזיקים, פותחו
"מערכות מומחה" הממליצות על חומרים המותרים לשימוש.
חלק מהמערכות נגישות באמצעות האינטרנט ומאפשרות הפעלתן ללא
תשלום.
להלן סקירה וכתובות של המערכות העיקריות המאפשרות שימוש
באמצעות האינטרנט.
Solvent
Substitution for Surface Cleaning
http://www.cleanersolutions.org
A simple, single
solution for solvent substitution for surface cleaning is hard to come by. In
attempt to address this issue, the Surface Solution Laboratory (SSL) has
created this database linking performance evaluations to specific testing
parameters and environmental assessments based on the testing performed at
the lab.
Solvent
Alternative Guide
SAGE (http://clean.rti.org)
The Solvent Alternative Guide (SAGE) is designed to provide pollution
prevention information on solvent and process alternatives for parts cleaning
and degreasing. The database does not recommend any ozone depleting
chemicals. SAGE was developed by the Surface Cleaning Program at Research
Triangle Institute in cooperation with the U.S. EPA Air Pollution Prevention
and Control Division (APPCD).
SAGE provides the
user with a series of questions designed to describe the current cleaning
protocol in order to assist in the determination of solvent/process
alternatives most likely to work for the particular circumstance being
questioned. This is a good tool for somebody who does not know where to
begin.
Integrated
Solvent Substitution Data System
ISSDS (http://es.epa.gov/issds)
The Integrated Solvent Substitution Data System (ISSDS) was developed to
access solvent alternative information through a single, easy to use command
structure. ISSDS is maintained at the Idaho National Engineering and
Environmental Laboratory, a facility operated for the U.S. Department of
Energy. It searches 11 individual sources, including SAGE and Joint Service
P2 Technical Library. This system allows the user to search using several
methods. The guided query used at this site is identical to the SAGE query.
Program
for Assisting the Replacement of Industrial Solvents
PARIS II (http://www.tds-tds.com/parfact.htm)
The software tool from the Technical Database Services, Inc. is setup to
allow the user to design less hazardous solvents without compromising solvent
performance. It brings together a set of unique algorithms developed under
the leadership of Dr. Heriberto Cabezas of the National Risk Management
Research Laboratory, USEPA, Cincinnati Ohio. The advanced technology and extensive
knowledge base of PARIS II makes it easy to identify "green"
replacements for solvents currently in use in far less time than previously
possible. The system includes chemical data and estimation methods, thus the
user needs to know only the composition of the solvent to be replaced in
order to run the program.
It aids the user
to identify possible replacement materials for current solvents. PARIS II is
unique for its ability to design mixtures when no single compound can meet
user specifications. A lot of physical characteristics of solvents are needed
in order to obtain useful alternative information.
Kooperationstelle
Hamburg Cleantool
CLEANTOOL (http://www.cleantool.org)
This tool is a Europe wide database for metal cleaning. These processes plus
the involved agents and equipments have been developed in small and large
European enterprises and are being applied regularly. They represent reliable
daily practice. Objective information is provided to allow enterprises to
choose the optimum cleaning process for their business. The databank/software
was released at the end of 2004. The CleanTool database allows users to make
the best choice of cleaning application by providing comprehensive
information on key areas.
The site provides
objective information in text, image, and video format on metal cleaning
processes for a wide range of industries. CleanTool is an interactive tool,
allowing users to submit data, receive guidance and ranked recommendations.
Over 250 different processes from five European countries are featured, with
each item evaluated prior to publication by expert Advisory Groups.
The tool provides
a summary of processes covering Costs, Technology, Quality, Occupational
Safety & Health, and Environment. The results can be sorted by each
category. Each process is ranked as very good, good, satisfactory,
sufficient, bad and no statement for the five areas. Each is color coded for
easy visual assessment. The tool does include process information and gives
alternative name and manufacturer contact.
CleanGredients
for I&I Cleaning Products
CleanGredients (http://www.cleangredients.org)
CleanGredients is being developed as an online database of institutional and
industrial (I&I) cleaning ingredients ? a one?stop?shop for green
formulation. The database aligns broad environmental and human health goals
with the cleaning product industry?s business objectives and will support
formulators in formulating products with human and environmental health
benefits, whether to meet corporate internal objectives, more stringent
regulations, voluntary product recognition programs or national and
international eco-labels.
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