מהן הוראות בטיחות לעבודה עם מזבלת?
משיב: יעקב מאירסון | מס’ תשובה 49894 | 20/02/2011
קיימים סוגים שונים של מזבלות המיוצרות ע"י היצרנים השונים.
השימוש במכונה יהיה עפ"י הוראות והנחיות היצרן/ספק של הציוד. מכאן שלעניין הוראות הבטיחות מוצע לפנות אל היצרן של המזבלת הספציפית שבשימושכם, על מנת לקבל את הוראות הפעלה, אחזקה ובטיחות עבור המכונה .
א. הוראות הפעלה, אחזקה ובטיחות
לגבי הבטיחות בהפעלת מכונות למיניהן (גם מזבלת), התחיקה הישראלית באמצעות תקנות3 ו-4 תקנות הבטיחות בעבודה (מכירה והשכרה של מכונות, מיתקנים וציוד), התשס"א-2001 דורשות לצרף למכונה הוראות הפעלה, אחזקה ובטיחות וכן לדאוג אחזקת מלאי של חלקי חילוף. ראה מצורף להלן :
ב. מצורפים להלן מאתר HSE (בריטניה), 3 קבצי PDF (בסוף התשובה), שיכולים לסייע לך בקביעת הוראות בטיחות למכונות חקלאיות (גם מזבלת):
Health and Safety Executive
No second chances
A farm machinery safety step-by-step guide
Using machines safely
- Make sure the machine is suitable for the job (for example, a telescopic handler with a grain bucket used to lift a person for work at a height, would not be suitable).
- You should be able to recognise dangerous parts and think about how to prevent injury when you do your risk assessment.
- If you provide safeguards which are inconvenient to use or which can be too easily removed, you may inadvertently encourage your employees to risk injury and break the law;
- You should have a system to check that machinery is safe to use;
- If safety depends on how the equipment has been installed, you should inspect it to ensure it has been set up correctly;
- Inspect equipment regularly for deterioration. Keep records of all inspections. Make sure you and your workers:
- use machines according to the instructions supplied with them;
- maintain machines so they can be used safely;
- 'safety check' all equipment and put right all defects before each use;
- check that controls are clearly marked to show what they do and which machine they control, and are designed so you cannot operate them accidentally;
- check that stationary machines are adequately lit;
- check that electrical machinery is isolated and locked-off if safeguards are removed;
- are trained to work safely and are provided with and use necessary protective clothing.
Power take-off shaft guards
For power take-off (PTO) shaft guards, check that the guard is:
- made to a recognised standard such as BS EN ISO 5674;
- the correct size and length for the shaft, both when closed and when extended;
- a non-rotating type, with the restraining device (for example, securing chains) in place;
- properly used and maintained. Clean and lubricate guards regularly;
- supported when not connected. Do not rest it on the drawbar or drop it on the ground, and do not suspend it by the restraining device;
- safe from damage, for example, by livestock, when the machine is in store.
Make sure no one uses adaptors to allow a 21 spline 1000 rpm shaft to drive a 6 spline 540 rpm shaft.
Other dangerous parts
Check that safeguards are fitted, and make sure they are:
- strong enough and securely attached to the machine;
- not easily defeated, for example, require a tool to open, and are self-locking;
- made of the right material. Plastic allows good visibility but may be easily damaged;
- regularly checked and maintained in effective working order.
If guards are interlocked, for example if you need access several times each day to a dangerous part, check that:
- the machine cannot start before the guard is in position;
- opening the guard stops the machine or that part;
- the interlocking switch or valve is sufficiently robust for the job, and the way it works makes it difficult for someone to defeat.
Resources
- No second chances: A farm machinery safety step-by-step guide [85KB]
- Buying new machinery [36KB]
- Power take-o